Emily Dickinson Essay

Emily Dickinson’s great skill and unparalleled creativity in playing with words and their connotations in her attempt to convey to the reader the power of a book are evident. In this poem, she is considering the power of books or of poetry to carry us away from our immediate surroundings to a world of imagination. Her poem is suffused with (full of) metaphors, as she is desirous of likening a book to various means of transportation. To do this she alludes (allusion-noun) directly to concrete objects such as â€Å"frigate,† â€Å"coursers† and â€Å"chariot,† which carry archaic (ancient) connotations. The difficulty inherent in the use of these vehicles has to do with the reader’s knowledge concerning the properties and characteristics evinced by a â€Å"frigate,† â€Å"coursers† and a â€Å"chariot. † The poetess associates the swiftness of a â€Å"frigate,† â€Å"coursers† and a â€Å"chariot†Ã¢â‚¬â€as well as their use to explore new lands and seas—with the power of a book or poetry to usher (lead, guide) us into another dimension, perhaps shrouded (covered) in mystery but definitely rewarding. If the reader is not acquainted (familiar) with these means of transportation that reigned supreme, so to speak, centuries ago, he / she is denied access to the meaning that the poet seeks to impart by means of these vehicles. But Emily Dickinson does not limit herself to these vehicles alone; the whole poem is reminiscent (suggestive) of a past era when people used â€Å"frigate[s],† â€Å"coursers† and â€Å"chariot[s]† to travel â€Å"lands away. The words â€Å"traverse,† (to cross an area of land or water) â€Å"oppress,† (stress) and â€Å"frugal,† (simple and inexpensive) with which the poem is interspersed—all of them are of Latin origin, thus lending it a formal hue. She has been careful to choose kinds of transportation and names for books that have romantic connotations. â€Å"Frigate† suggest exploration and adventure; â€Å"coursers† beauty, spirit and speed; â€Å"chariot,† speed and ability to go th rough air as well as on land. Chariot reminds us of the myth of Phaethon, who tried to drive the chariot of Apollo (Greek god of sun), and of Aurora (Greek goddess of dawn) with her horses. How much of the meaning of the poem comes from this selection of vehicles and words is apparent if we try to substitute steamship for â€Å"frigate,† horses for â€Å"coursers,† and streetcar for â€Å"chariot. † How would the poem sound if, instead of likening a book to a â€Å"frigate,† â€Å"coursers,† and a â€Å"chariot,† one resolved to use a â€Å"Mercedes Benz,† a â€Å"GMC† or a â€Å"Porsche† to convey the same meaning, that of speed and swiftness? Emily Dickinson’s shrewdness in selecting the most appropriate diction is superb and undoubtedly holds up a mirror for the reader to see what it is that she had in mind when writing the poem. On a more technical note, related to the rhyme scheme, it is obvious that the poem is written in open form or in free verse (from the French vers libre), as indicated by the lack of a regular rhyme pattern, as a parallel to â€Å"prancing poetry† or the power of a book to carry you to foreign â€Å"lands† where no man has ever trod before. Liberated from the confines and shackles of rhyme, Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"There is no frigate like a book† makes a permanent impression on the reader, as it â€Å"entangles†¦ a part of the Divine essence,† to quote W. B. Yeats. Allusions in There is no Frigate like a Book 1. The story of Phaeton In Greek mythology, Phaeton or Phaethon was the son of Helios (Phoebus). Perhaps the most famous version of the myth is given us through Ovid in his Metamorphoses (Book II). The name â€Å"Phaeton† means the â€Å"shining†. In the version of the myth told by Ovid in the Metamorphoses, Phaeton ascends into heaven, the home of his suspected father. His mother Clymene had boasted that his father was the sun-god Apollo. Phaeton went to his father who swore by the river Styx to give Phaeton anything he should ask for in order to prove his divine paternity. Phaeton wanted to drive his chariot (the sun) for a day. Though Apollo tried to talk him out of it by telling him that not even Zeus (the king of gods) would dare to drive it, the chariot was fiery hot and the horses breathed out flames. Phaeton was adamant. When the day came, Apollo anointed Phaeton’s head with magic oil to keep the chariot from burning him. Phaeton was unable to control the fierce horses that drew the chariot as they sensed a weaker hand. First it veered too high, so that the earth grew chill. Then it dipped too close, and the vegetation dried and burned. He accidentally turned most of Africa into desert; bringing the blood of the Ethiopians to the surface of their skin, turning it black. â€Å"The running conflagration spreads below. But these are trivial ills: whole cities burn, And peopled kingdoms into ashes turn. [3] Rivers and lakes began to dry up, Poseidon rose out of the sea and waved his trident in anger at the sun, but soon the heat became even too great for him and he dove to the bottom of the sea. Eventually, Zeus was forced to intervene by striking the runaway chariot with a lightning bolt to stop it, and Phaethon plunged into the river Eridanos. Apollo, stricken with grief, refused to drive his c hariot for days. Finally the gods persuaded him to not leave the world in darkness. Apollo blamed Zeus for killing his son, but Zeus told him there was no other way. This story has given rise to two latter-day meanings of â€Å"phaeton†: one who drives a chariot or coach, especially at a reckless or dangerous speed, and one that would or may set the world on fire 2. (Aurora, goddess of the dawn, equivalent to the Greek goddess Eos ) In Roman mythology, Aurora, goddess of the dawn, renews herself every morning and flies across the sky in her chariot, announcing the arrival of the sun. Her parentage was flexible: for Ovid, she could equally be Pallantis, signifying the daughter of Pallas,[1] or the daughter of Hyperion. 2] She has two siblings, a brother (Sol, the sun) and a sister (Luna, the moon).. In Roman mythology, Aurora, goddess of the dawn, renews herself every morning and flies across the sky, announcing the arrival of the sun. Her parentage was flexible: for Ovid, she could equally be Pallantis, signifying the daughter of Pallas,[1] or the daughter of Hyperion. [2] She has two siblings, a brother (Sol, the sun) and a sister (Luna, the moon). Rarely Roman writers[3] imitated Hesiod and later Greek poets and made the Anemoi, or Winds, the offspring of the father of the stars Astraeus, with Eos/Aurora.

Organizing Researching and Illustrating Material Essay

Step 1 1. Interview the administration groups, employees, and clients of Phoenix advertising, Roanoke Branch. * In order to understand the background, the process, and the internal situation of Roanoke Branch, interviews to different people that are connected to the company must be made. 2. Conducting surveys to both employees and clients of the company. * There must be surveys to conduct in order to gather information from the people who are connected in the company and to have specific cases that would give probability to the proposed actions to solve the problem. 3. Using print and online resources as added materials to the research. * Along with the interviews and surveys, print and online resources should also take into account to identify the company based on historical cases that print and online sources could provide. Print source will be used as historical data while online sources are used for contemporary and future data of the company. Step 2A: Surveys Employees 1. As employees, are you being paid by the company with the right benefits that the company has imposed? * This is asked in order to determine the compensation of the employee that can be the cause of employees’ work distraction. 2. Is there any process of account review in the company? * This is asked to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company when it comes to the accounts of the employees and management itself. 3. Is Roanoke Branch the same with other branches when it comes to mode of payments? * This is asked to compare and contrast the situation of Roanoke Branch to other branches of Phoenix Advertising. Clients 1. Are you satisfied with the work of the company that was given to you? * This is asked to determine the stand of the client when it comes to the quality of the company’s work. 2. Do you know anything about the current situation of the company? If yes, kindly state the situation in brief. * This is asked to know if the clients are sensitive to the issues and  situation of the company. 3. Will you still use the company (specifically the branch) despite of the fact that there are internal problems? * This is asked if the clients will still be loyal to the company even if there are problems within it and to also determine if the problem of the company do not manifest within their production of products. To: The CEO of the Roanoke Branch Phoenix Advertising Mr. Gregory S. Forest Dear Mr. Gregory S. Forest: As the Vice President of Human Resources in Phoenix, I send you this letter to ask your good office to assist me on your company. I would like to make a visit to your company on August 18, 2010 to conduct some interviews and surveys. In order to fulfill the study for the probable causes and further effects of the problems and circumstances within your branch, I would like to ask you some questions about the company and its current situation in both internal and external forces. I would also like to interview some of your employees and clients in relation to these issues. The coverage of my interviews and surveys are based on the policies, employee performance reviews, project designs, internal and external agendas, and administrative configuration when it comes to company issues. I hope to hear positive feedback from this letter in order to conduct the interviews and surveys as part of the research. Thank you so much. Problems: 1. Quality of work 2. Loyalty to the customer 3. Issues within the company a. Do we need to share with the client b. Will this affect our relationship Facts and Causes: 1. Loyalty to the customer a. Answer any questions the customer might have b. Address the issues Impacts and Effects: 1. Loyalty to the customer a. Since this has been addressed production has increased 28% b. Turnover is down 15% c. Absenteeism is down 29% Morale has improved significantly which shows in production Solutions: 1. Incentive program a. This will increase morale b. Decrease morale for employees not receiving an award c. Encourage other employees to participate Illustrations: I chose to use the bar graph so you can clearly see the decrease in turnover, increase in production and decrease in absenteeism. It is simple and clear so that you can understand why this is so important.

Foundations of psychology Essay

(a) Conceptually, reasoning is characterized by various attitudes, emotions, feelings or even assumptions. These are the psychological factors that occur psychologically as parameters that help to develop a logical conclusion in ones reasoning. Rationality in reasoning is what yields a final resolution. However, such reasoning is brought to a state of imbalance in which the different assumptions, feelings and attitudes tend to shape the outcome responses. Perhaps however, each of the attributes could be controlled by aspects of various stimuli that respond to the three stage of classical conditioning. Initially, an aspect of anxiety of wanting to create some reflective thinking occurs. This is because of the desire to come to a logical conclusion of the problem held in the reasoning. The unconditioned stimulus before the reasoning was to arrive at a phenomenon based on the results of the reasoning. The driving force then throws an imbalance in the cognitive state of the brain senses with a basic aim of arriving towards an imperative solution based on the foundations of the question in the reasoning. A state of confusion occurs basically due to inability of making the correct choice of solutions. The solution should be independent of the external environment. Additionally, the choices to the solution also consider that reasoning may have various solutions. However, a conflict exists between the set of decisions alternatives due to the inability of making the most rational decision instantly. However, the principles of classical conditioning help to develop various stimuli corresponding to the various decision alternatives. Each stimulus (like a defensive censor) evokes one another to finally reach at an equilibrium consensus which the cognitive personality chooses as the best decision variable (Anne, 1999) A state of ambivalence follows the above stage of confusion. Ambivalence develops from the emotional perceptions and seeks to give a feeling of no specific inclination in any of the decision alternatives persuaded in the reasoning process. This is however a defense mechanism since it denies the strong efforts of strong feelings in the decision alternatives thus lessening the probable pain which one would have encountered in decision making (Michael, 1977) (b) Role of memory in reasoning The human memory is an important element in cognitive reasoning. Memory is what aligns the different aspects involved in reasoning to yield a correspondence between one another. The attitudes, feelings and assumptions ought to be construed in a dimension that brings reflective ties to one another. Memory can be said as the pivot entry between the functional relationships in all elements that define reasoning. The fundamental scope of reasoning is comprised of various complimentary processes that depend on one another. The philosophical and psychological standpoints have pinpointed on memory and reasoning as working in an integrated system and none can replace one another. Memory acts as an object that brings a tie and conjoins the various independent processes that are involved in the process of reasoning. It is also the object that provides subjective interactions and explorations among the wide scope of the cognitive processes to arrive at a balance of interest which is the defining choice/decision variable of the reasoning process (Thomson, 2001) Conceptually, the association that exists in human reasoning is brought about by the organization and content interaction of the human memory. It helps to bring about a scope of interpretation about the various processes that are involved in the human cognition. Consequently, memory is influential as a trajectory object for the integration of the various processes in the reasoning processes that finally strikes a balance in the choice of decision to follow. (c) Obstacles in reasoning There are various obstacles that could hinder the process of effective reasoning. These include; Mental entrenchment: This is a situation that occurs when the mind is framed in models that represent various problems, problem contexts or perhaps the possible procedures for use in solving a particular problem. When a person involved in reasoning has entrenched mind sets, they may develop methods that creates a solution to the problem in question but which does not provide the most optimal and effective solutions to such problems (Mark, 2007) Either, functional fixedness is an obstacle in effective thinking/reasoning. This case arises when an individual who has an ability of doing specific things extends such methods in creating the decisions in reasoning. He is unable to develop methodologies that addresses a certain problem in question but rather has to refer to what models his/her mind (Mark, 2007) Stereotypes: Stereotypes are those fundamental generalizations that are unsupported by rationality held by the members within a certain setting or the contemporary society. Stereotypes could be learned during childhood. Individuals accustomed to various senses of stereotypical thinking always make generalized choice and decisions in their reasoning process. Negative transfers: This is the condition when the procedures that are to be used in solving a current problem occurs in the future as harder problems that are perhaps unsolvable. This is a contrast of positive transfer that implies the former process for solving gone problems make the current problem easy to solve. These obstacles are highly involved in obstructing the critique of critical and effective thinking by bringing the wrong illusions and impressions in the reasoning process. (d) Types of reasoning involved in the experience Generally, there are various reasoning involved in an experience. Each differs in terms of flow of precepts and hypothetical developments. The process of reasoning within the given set of experience is important in giving the rationality behind the choice of one decision at the expense of the others. However, various types of reasoning are used in the reasoning process. These include; Abduction: This is the process through which a hypothesis statement about an experience is made. It seeks to formulate the fundamental scope of levels with which such a problem/experience occurs and the possible influential factors behind it. The cause and the effect reasoning: This is the mode of reasoning which seeks to relate the starting point of an experience or a problem of interest. It involves establishing the causes and effects and then trying to relate how each affects one another or how each is related to the other. (Manktelow, 1999) Comparative reasoning: This is the reasoning precept that seeks to draw a comparative analogy by comparing and relating one thing with the corresponding alternative. It then seeks to strike a balance of stability between such relationships. Deductive reasoning: It is the reasoning that involves establishing the generalized parameters and then moving towards a drive in the specific rules. Inductive reasoning: This is that which involves establishing the specific parameters and then driving towards the generalized rules. (e) Methods of enhancing effective reasoning in this experience. Critical thinking is that which goes beyond logical reasoning. It is that which works towards scrutinizing arguments by support of empirical evidence. Enhancing reasoning is a combination of various tools that promote the cognitive precepts of the human brain. These include; Physical exercise: Physical exercise is highly supportive in the functionality of the brain. A functional brain is a brain that has the cognitive power of critical and effective reasoning. Taking physical exercise helps to refresh the nervous system whose central context is the brain faculty (Robert, 1991) Taking adequate sleep: It is of necessity that a person takes enough sleep that brings relaxation to the reasoning and thinking autonomies. The mind set that could be infiltrated by sleep and stress is prone to inadequate reasoning. Various decisions by the human reasoning can only be ploughed in by a sober and a relaxed cognitive personality. Neurofeedback process: This is the process through which the precepts of human reasoning are controlled by reflecting back to what presumes a certain reasoning obligation. It is the sensational process of developing a raw feedback to the mind that causes fatal relaxation before engaging into fresh models of reasoning (Anne, 1999) Avoiding reasoning distracters: This is achieved through adequate payment of attention. Though a complex pattern involved in the brain function, it can be ensured by the proper payment of attention to the reasoning process that would then help to withdraw all possible abstractions and therefore driving towards concrete decisions. Reference Anne, T (1999) Critical Reasoning in Ethics. London, Routledge Manktelow, K (1999) Reasoning and Thinking. London. Psychology Press Mark, R (2007) The Psychology of Reasoning, London, Routeldge. Michael, S (1977) Reasoning. New York, McGraw Hill Robert, A (1991) Practical Reasoning. London, Routledge Thomson, A (2001) Critical Reasoning: A Practical Introduction. London, Routlege

Social issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Social issues - Essay Example They are hundreds of thousands and are forced to work as slaves with little or no pay at all. They work under the harshest conditions that include receiving all sorts of mistreatment from their bosses; they are beaten up, being locked in small huts, and are badly fed with an unbalanced diet. They usually rely on the bananas and the cocoa fruits that they eat. Latest statistics estimates reveal that approximately twelve thousand to two hundred thousand children are taken as slaves in West Africa. They work for twelve hours to fifteen hours in a day, and they are ten to twelve years old. Ironically, in all the countries where slave trade is carried out, slavery is illegal but the laws are bent, and slavery is practiced at a high rate. One of the West African countries that have deteriorated in its practice of child labor is the Ivory Coast. Every year, there is an approximate value of three million tons of chocolate that are consumed in the whole world (The film). Ivory Coast is the primary supplier of Chocolate in the entire world with forty-three percent of the total worlds supplied cocoa. However, the success of this industry is dependent on how many children are exploited under the child labor practices. From the Documentary, it is shown how thousands of Malian children are transported to Ivory Coast by rogue slave traders the trade remains unknown by most of the laws enforcers since the farms are small and isolated. Traders are usually found hanging in the bus stations and targets children who are alone or those begging for food. They then lure them to travel to Ivory Coast with them, and then they exchange the abducted children with farmers who are in a need of cheap labor with money. Most of the farms are found in the plains where access of people is rare hence nobody can recognize the presence of the illegal trade among the population of West Africa. Initial works by Knight Rider newspapers

Evaluating my course project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluating my course project - Essay Example Further, there are parameters especially in the physical storage that are important in developing the model using a data definition language. That is what is used to create the database. The creation of the database structure consisted of establishing the number of tables, the fields to use and the records of those tables. The three tables are a result of a thorough normalization process to minimize redundancies of information. It included going through the first normal form, the second and the third form of normalization (Morris, 2014). I then created an entity relationship diagram to map the type of relationships in the architectural engineering database. The implementation stage also included coming up with data dictionaries for the three tables. I also examined the relationships critically to ensure that there is the consistency of information especially on similar fields in different tables. These connections are important in restricting redundancies. Further, I went on to look at the queries that will allow the users to retrieve information from the database that meets particular conditions. The questions included joining information from more than one table and grouping the data based on specific criteria (Keogh, 2007). For instance, grouping of projects according to the customers. The subsequent sections of the report examined the errors the architectural engineering database is likely to encounter such as read data and multiplicity update problem. In addition, it also includes a section covering the best practices for building and implementing the database (Morris, 2014). These are standard procedures already acceptable in the market. The final stage is the conclusion that states the use of Microsoft Access as the relational database of choice. It further states that a database requires maintenance after designing and its

Healthcare and Business Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare and Business Goals - Essay Example Health care managers are appointed to positions of authority in order to shape the organization by making important decisions (The Hastings center, 2012). On a daily basis, they make and coordinate decisions on recruitment and development of staff, service addition or reduction, allocation and utilization of financial resources, and acquisition of equipment and technology. Their role is to ensure that patients and clients receive appropriate services effectively and timely while focusing on achievement of performance targets (Caldwell, Brexler and Gillem, 2000). Health care services tend to be personal in nature, and its impact tends to be felt by the providers and recipients at a point of delivery. Decisions made by hospital managers reflect on ethical and moral values of the administration since they are subjective in nature and have a key effect on the wellbeing of patients, employees, taxpayers and community, individually or collectively (Ache.org, 2012). The decisions of manager s affect people directly or indirectly in both predictable and unpredictable ways and sometimes raise questions of fairness. For example, a hospital may buy equipment at a premium price, but fail to raise wages of personnel to desirable levels. In a different situation, a hospital can be challenged to rationalize the use of money from patients to pay employees whose work is substandard. In yet another case, expenses may rise, and the administration may want to cut budgets of some departments, whatever decision is made, certain patients are bound to be affected (Wheatley, 2006). It is important for the manager to prioritise the obligation to serve patients effectively. Ethical issues such as those highlighted above should be addressed effectively as negligence leads to errors and potentially costly decisions that are harmful to patients, staff, the organization and the community. Where staff is affected negatively by such decisions; it can result in distress which is known to cause p rofessional burn out and staff turnover (Owen, 1990). The management of a health care organization has the duty to nurture a healthy ethical environment (Morrison, 2011). Good ethics improve employee morale, enhance productivity and improve efficiency of the organization. This in turn, improves customer satisfaction and employee retention. There is a clear link between ethics and quality, a health care organization that fails to meet established ethical bench marks, and standards is not likely to deliver high-quality health care. Conversely, institutions that fail to meet minimum quality standards raise ethical concerns with stake holders (Morrison, 2011). A review of practices in the top ranked health care organizations Managers of health care institutions must Endeavour to adopt quality and system improvement programmes in order to improve care delivery and spread new practices across the system. The transformation process requires a clear and sustained strategy and takes time to implement. For example, Henry Ford Health System, a leading health care institution in excellence has been dedicated to quality improvement and achieving strong financial performance for over 20 years. It has sought to put patients first by exploring needs, improving care and overcoming conflicts between its employees. Therefore, strong leadership is critical to maintaining unwavering focus on improving systems and outcomes

Hip Hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hip Hop - Essay Example These men were the rebels of the day. But as hip hop has become more popular, its stars have become brands and multimillionaires too. They do not commit crimes because it would reduce their brand value. Instead, like Michael Corleone, they try to become legitimate businessmen. In the process, they sell their music as entertainment. They become the fat cats and authority figures that they once railed against. In early times they would talk about how hard their lives were and how impoverishing the ghetto was—but now they told such stories from their Manhattan penthouses. This tension causes a real problem for hip hop. The answer to the above question must be â€Å"no.† With commercialization, hip hop has lost much of its authenticity. It is no longer a product of the street, but is instead a product of the businesses and record people who sell it at Walmart. Record labels can try to fabricate and market street cred, but that does not make it authentic (Watkins, 2). Authen tic hip hop still exists in clubs and among the undiscovered, but it has lost something over the years. It is no longer as real as it once was. What does the transformation of the â€Å"hood† from an inner city location to a consciousness allow artists like Jay-Z to do? Through his music, Jay-Z is capable of transforming a physical location or state of poverty into something much more inspiring.

Organisational Structural Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Structural Issues - Case Study Example The new management versus the old organizational structure always comes in clash with each other. The Regency Hotel Case is an example that depicts the issues arising in an organization after it has been acquired by a different group of investors. The Regency Hotel is shown to be a successful entity in the hotel business along with its eastern culture and a bureaucratic structure. The employees of the organization are satisfied and adhere to the management’s set standards and practices. Becker, the new manager, however, has different and more westernized thoughts of empowerment and risk taking. The major structural issue faced by the Regency Hotel is the transition from pure bureaucracy to complete empowerment. The old employees believe in supervision where as the new manager believes more in delegation and team cohesion. â€Å"Team cohesion is an extent to which team members band together and remain committed to achieving team goals.† (Lussier and Achua, 2010) Differen t organizational behavioral model can be used to explain the structural issues in the case at hand. â€Å"Management researcher Douglas McGregor proposed possible assumptions that managers make about workers.† (Bagad 2008) His theory X and Y are well evident in the management perceptions of Becker and the previous managers of the Regency Grand hotel. Becker was a proponent of participative management style also of known as McGregor’s Theory Y while the old management believed in the authoritative style of management known as the Theory X. Becker’s behavior can also be explained through McClelland’s Achievement Theory of Motivation also known as the acquired needs theory. McClelland believed that a person’s needs are a resultant of life experiences and cultural background. He explains three categories of needs as need for achievement, need for affiliation and the need for power. In our case, Becker agreed with the acquired needs theory and believed that people have needs to achieve goals and are motivated to perform in a more productive manner if these needs are catered for in an organization. Also, the need for being affiliated made Becker keep rapport with the front line staff, He empowered them so they control their environment and their need for power is fulfilled. Another theory that helps us understand the case in a better manner is the Vroom Theory. â€Å"One of the greatest attractions of the Vroom Theory is that it recognizes the importance of various individual needs and motivation.† (Koontz and Weihrich, 2007) The Vroom theory advocates management by objective, the concept that Becker wanted to introduce in the Hotel work environment. The all the above mentioned theories and their application to the case suggests that Becker was more team oriented and believed in the fact that motivation and risk taking leads to greater employee satisfaction and better results for the organization. He wanted to introduce the element of self efficacy in the newly acquired hotel. â€Å"Self efficacy refers to ones belief in one’s capability to perform a specific task.† (Gist, 1987) The case showed that Becker was going by the theories when it came to the organizational structure as he believed in the modern principles and the new paradigms of organizational behavior. The new shift in the field of organizational behavior advocates a flexible organization that continuously learns and adapt. As Daft and Lewin (1993) explained in their essay â€Å"the trend appears to be moving away from the paradigm within which

Wholesalers in the business world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wholesalers in the business world - Essay Example But they have certainly been around for centuries. The role they have played depended largely on the merchandise or service they represented. â€Å"Wholesaling includes all activities involved in selling goods or services to those who buy for resale or business use (Kotler 532)†. There are three main differences between wholesalers and retailers. Wholesalers are not concerned about the location of their establishment, the ambience or about promotion, because their customers are resellers and not the final consumer. The transactions of wholesalers are usually bigger than retail transactions, and they cover a much larger geographic area. Even governments treat wholesalers differently, in that the tax and legal parameters concerning them are different from those for retailers. As we will see later in this paper, there are different types of wholesalers, providing a variety of services. Some wholesalers provide selling and promoting services. These services complement the functions of manufacturers who cannot attend to these functions themselves for whatever reasons. Sometimes manufacturers are compelled to use these services of wholesalers, as local customers are more prepared to trust a local wholesaler, than some far away manufacturer. Wholesalers offer their customers a wider choice. By representing many manufacturers, they are able to offer customers the wares of all the entities they represent. Sometimes wholesalers buy in bulk, and offer their customer smaller units of a product – quantities that customers cannot buy - by approaching manufacturers directly. Wholesalers also offer inventory holding services and transportation. Wholesalers sometimes render financing services by offering credit terms to their customers. They also assist their customers by providing them market intelligence. In addition, they counsel their customers on such topics as inventory management, operational excellence and store layout and displays. There are

Poem Comparison Essay Example for Free

Poem Comparison Essay The three poems are written by Wilfred Owen are based on war, and reveal the horrors of war. They are sad, and he uses these poems to express his bad feelings and hatred for war. Despite their similarities, they differ in certain ways as well. For example, Anthem for Doomed Youth is about how nobody is concerned for the dead soldiers and their efforts, Arms and The Boy is about how war transforms people into bloodthirsty monsters, and Futility is about a dead soldier lying in the fields of France. Structurally, Futility and Anthem for Doomed Youth are similar because they are both sonnets. However, they once again differ in that Futility is a more irregular sonnet, written in two verses of seven and seven with a rhyme scheme of ABABCCC DEDEFFF. It is irregular because it has no iambic pentameter, and overall the meter is very inconsistent. It uses half rhymes such as â€Å"once† and â€Å"France†, or â€Å"star† and â€Å"stir†. Anthem for Doomed Youth is more conventional with verses of eight and six, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFFEGG. It has iambic Pentameter. Arms and the Boy have three verses of four lines with a half rhyme scheme of AABB CCDD EEFF. It has an iambic rhythm.  Arms and the Boy have a contradictory title because boys and war should not normally go together. Arms and the Boy use a register of terms to make the boy sound horrible, like a monster. It uses words and phrase such as â€Å"Hunger of Blood†, â€Å"Madman’s Flash†, and â€Å"Famishing for Flesh†. These three terms show the monstrosity of the soldiers, and criticises their thirst for killing. He shows us his feelings of hatred and despair towards them. There is also a register of predatory weapons, such as â€Å"teeth, claws, talons, antlers†. This portrays him as an animal in two ways, one is for his savageness in being so determined to kill, but also in that, animals use their bare limbs for killing, and so does he (arms to operate guns and to use bayonets). Anthem for Doomed Youth also has a contradictory title because there is no anthem for the doomed youth, as shown by â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† which shows they died without dignity, let alone a funeral or anthem. It describes what should be their funeral, but is not. It shows what they are not getting, but really should be  getting. The second stanza shows an ending for them by using word like goodbyes and â€Å"drawing down of blinds†. The second line is very clever because it reflects Shakespeare’s saying of â€Å"life’s a theatre, and all men and women merely players†. A show ends with drawing down of curtains or blinds, and their lives metaphorically end like that. Futility is about a soldier who is dying in the sun. We are told he is a farmer because of the line â€Å"At home, whispering of fields unsown†. It portrays the sun as a mother, because of the caring words used to describe it such as gently. It portrays the sun as a kind figure that woke up the soldier on a regular basis. On this occasion, it cannot. The sunbeams â€Å"toil† to keep him awake but that still does not work. This is because nature (the sun) cannot interfere with manmade affairs (war). There is snow present, which is a figure of death because it is cold and harsh, opposite of the warm and gentle sun. He is appalled how our limbs â€Å"so dear achieved† can be used as tools as destruction.

The Background Of The Social Stratification Sociology Essay

The Background Of The Social Stratification Sociology Essay All societies place their members according to superiority, inferiority and equality. The vertical scale of evaluation, this categorization of people in layers is called stratification. Social stratification is a natural and controlled division according to race, religion, social and economic status. In sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes, castes and strata within a society. Anthony Giddens has defined social stratification as the existence of structured inequalities between groups in society, in terms of their access to material or symbolic rewards. According to Peter Saunders, in modern Western societies, stratification depends on social and economic classes consisting of three main layers: Upper class, Middle class and Lower class. Every class is further divided into smaller classes according to occupation. 1.1 BACKGROUND: The notion of stratification came into existence in 1940s. Social stratification is the basic cause of inequalities. The basis for social stratification are earnings, privileges, ethnicity, disability,    education, access to benefits, sex, caste, wealth, religion, power, age, gender, occupation, race, region, language, party and politics. Stratification is a trait of society and not just individual differences. Indeed it is the outcome of the social arrangement and it has a great impact on everyone. Stratification is universal, but tremendously changeable in form. Stratification persists over generations. It is still prevailing in our society. Four fundamental forms of stratification are class, caste, estate and slavery. Stratification is common in the animal kingdom on the basis of power and gender and some form of stratification has most likely always existed among humans. With the progress of food and other surpluses resulting from hi-tech advances in agriculture and manufactur ing, some people began to mount up more wealth than others. There could be many other things influencing social stratification. For the larger part of history, the on hand stratification arrangement was regarded as an undeniable feature of society and the implicit purpose of commentators was to clarify or rationalize that arrangement in terms of religious doctrines. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Social stratification is social, universal, diverse in structure, very old and consequential. It is a trait of society, not merely a reflection of individual differences. Those at the top of the ladder the higher class has more advantages in life than those at the bottom of the ladder the lower class. The upper classes have more opportunities to thrive in life; chances include such things as conditions of work, healthiness and accommodation. People at the top of the ladder may choose the area that they live in which will tend to have less crime, better schools and better living than those in the lower class. Social stratification moves from generation to generation. Each human being born into the world is involuntarily allocated to social strata. Their place is usually their parents place at that time. We are born with nothing so consequently we inherit what our parents have. Children are influenced by their family members. Every family within the social order and within each social stratum has different ambitions, determinations and goals to be successful in life. A child will gain knowledge of these through the accomplishments of his own parents.    Even though social stratification is universal, it is also variable which means that all different countries have different forms of stratification but its characteristics vary in every country. In the United Kingdom it is very much a class system, whereas in some Asian countries the stratification is on the basis of the religion. Social stratification involves inequality and beliefs. Everybody within society has to believe that stratification is fair otherwise there is going to be unrest in the society. Social Stratification can be seen in all places around us from our schools to government agencies to even our homes. It is a definite part of our social system that represents the discrimination of opportunities that we experience and observe in our everyday lives. The idea of pecking order emerged in the 17th and 18th century by sociologist Hobbes and Locke and it was through these sociologists that people realized that inequality existed in the society. On one hand, inequalities based on individual qualities (charisma, economic or social skills, etc.) do not add up to stratification, since they arent defined by membership in a particular category. So, if in a hunting band the best hunter or the spiritualist/sage is held in high regard and has privileged access to some resources, this isnt social stratification. Symbolic Interactionists reveal that symbols help to describe the meaning of all social actions, and a persons self is developed socially through social interaction. Legitimating thoughts, expressed symbolically in the form of language give reasons for inequality, for strata, for the ways people are positioned in the strata and for changes in the stratification system. These sustaining ideas also strongly manipulate how people assess themselves within the system, influencing them to agree to their position in the structure as good and right. 1.3 MAJOR FORMS OF STRATIFICATION: Primal collectivism characterized by an elevated level of sharing and negligible social inequality, Slavery involving enormous social inequality and the ownership of some persons by others, Caste in which a person is permanently assigned to a status based on his or her parents status, Estate in which peasants are required by law to work on land owned by the noble class in exchange for food and protection from outside attacks. There are different forms of social stratification that are present in our societies i.e. Class society: In this society persons status is ascribed to them by the accomplishments they have achieved. In the United States, the social stratification that divides the most is the class system, whereas in areas of Africa not only are there class differences to divide people but women are in a class by themselves. The class system is defined by the possessions of wealth or material possessions (Henslin, 2010, p.189). Even though we like to think of ourselves as a very progressive nation, we still look down on people that are below us in class.    1.4 REASONS OF EXISTENCE OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Natural predictability suggests that discrimination exists because of natural differences in peoples abilities and is a just system. Structural -functionalists states that stratification is helpful to society because it enhances strength and induces members of the society to endeavor. Conflict suggests that stratification occurs through conflict amid different classes, with the upper classes using greater power to take a bigger share of the social resources. Evolutionary states that people will share sufficient resources to guarantee the survival of the group until an excess exists at which point power determines how the surplus is distributed. Symbolic Interactionists calls attention to the significance of symbolic displays of wealth and power that influence ones definition of self and the importance of ideas in defining social situations. Inequality may originate from natural differences in peoples abilities. Structural-functionalists believe that societies have a tendency to be stable and are held as one through agreement. Stratification provides an important function to society by aiding this process because it lessens conflict and provides structure. Conflict theorists believe that society tends towards conflict and change and that stratification system compel the lower classes to benefit the upper classes. 1.5 ORIGINS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: In early societies, people shared a common societal position. As societies evolved and became more intricate, they began to elevate  some members. To understand stratification, we must first understand its origins. Though there is a lot that we dont know about origins of stratification, it is apparent that it is a fairly recent development, as exposed through study of grave goods, and historical record of state expansion and conquest of more democratic societies. Once they come up, stratified systems lean to expand at expense of egalitarian systems, but this cannot explain origins of first stratified systems i.e. cases of pristine state formation. It is not simply survival mode, since some foragers are less democratic than many agricultural and most pastoralist societies Attempts to elucidate cultural advancement of social stratification in ecological terms by and large rely on one or another of  two basic approaches: 1. Stratification = solution to an ecological problem 2. Stratification = system by which one class extracts resources from another These two approaches often termed  functional  and  conflict  theories, respectively. Functional theories focus on benefits to all parties; in contrast, Conflict theories argue that elites benefit at expense of commoners. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: The book by Macionis, J and Plummer, K., 2007, called Sociology: A Global Introduction defines   Social stratification as a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy and that one group has access to a disproportionate amount of money, power and prestige and stratification can be used as a lens to focus on social inequality. The books by Haralmbos, M., Holborn, M. and Heald, R., 2008, called Sociology themes and perspectives  defines, social stratification to the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked one above the other in terms of factors such as prestige and wealth. The five societal pyramids explain how societies work.   This pyramid arrangement focused on how people were ranked by their financial positions, their power and their prestige. The way society effort with social division depends upon wealth and power, not on hereditary position. The open system based on personal accomplishment, where people have control over position between upper and lower class in society can lead to discrimination amongst each other. The stratification systems focused on other social divisions such as: Gender stratification Ethnic stratification Age stratification Health and disability In the 19th and 20th century the structural functional paradigm argued that stratification systems are functional for society. The Davis-Moore Thesis argues that industrialized societies for the most part are prolific under a system of meritocracy. Under this kind of inequality, the stratification system rewards good performers with high salaries and punishes poor performers with fewer salaries. Davis-Moore argued that several jobs have to to pay more than others; they are important jobs, so their high salary will magnetize the most excellent performers. These top performers will be more inventive and this is functional for society. Functionalists also argue that stratification promotes in-group harmony. Marx and Weber, who were Conflict theorists, alleged that the finest way to study social stratification was by using Conflict theory. On the whole, the main aim was to scrutinize and elucidate social inequality in society. Marx thought that there were two classes in the social order, owners and the workers. He wanted the workforce to become aware of this theory to ultimately bring down the owners. Weber, in contrast, considered more about Marx theory and thought that there must be another class involved which is the middle class. Middle class inhabitants are ones with skills required for jobs but do not have ownership; this set them at a distance from blue-collars, because they had skills for certain jobs which gave them a sense of power. Mills and Domhoff thought that there are little structured groups of people who stay out of political affairs so they are not estranged. This gives them a key to power in society.   Ã‚   Social Stratification allows people who have proficient varying competence and riches to function in ways that are appropriate for them. This is a functionalist perspective supported by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. They started by pointing out that no society is classless or unstratified. 4. CONCLUSION/SUGGESTIONS: From the above mentioned things we can conclude that the basic factor that causes social stratification is poverty. Steps should be taken for its eradication which will bring change in the society.   In order to eradicate social stratification, we should try to eradicate things that are causing it including unequal education, facilities, opportunities, wealth, poverty etc. if all the citizens of every country will get everything in equal quantity and quality, only then change will happen. This is the basic right of every citizen and it should be given to them. More fortunate people should help the less fortunate ones. They should try to be empathetic towards poor only then they can help them. They should be motivated and interested in keeping everybody equal and everyone should try, on individual level, to see the needy around them. Other than this the only best solution to solve this vicious circle is to apply a Sharia law on national scale, which stipulates that each person should set aside 2.5% of the income each person earns monthly to help eradicate poverty and the money gathered can be used to purchase things needed for those who are in need as capital, like sewing mach ines or seeds etc.   Theres no way for the government to be able to reduce or let alone eradicate poverty as long as it tightly clings on to capitalism and those 99% Americans are the living proofs, who say capitalism cant eradicate poverty.

Steriods in sports Essay example -- essays research papers

Steroids in Sports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion, the initial reason a person starts to play any sport is to either to have fun or mainly to emulate their favorite sports figures. So many kids want to swing a bat like Barry Bonds, or rush the football like Jamal Lewis, or play soccer like Pelle’. When I was younger, I wanted to tackle like Lawrence Taylor. Since these children like to do what they see their role models do, what happens if they find out that their favorite person boosts his skills by using illegal substances? Since there are a lot of impressionable minds out there, some of those little fans may be swayed to do the same when they get the chance to. Steroids are addictive, just like marijuana or other illegal substances, and there are some well known athletes abusing them to get a quick â€Å"power up† instead of actually working hard to achieve muscle tone, or that extra intensity; that extra strength that they think they need. Steroids are seemingly displacing hard wor k in today’s sports world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I asked coach Wilson, my hometown football coach, about his opinion on steroids. â€Å"I’ve caught some boys taking steroids personally, and I think the main reason that it’s taken is competition. They usually do not know how to lose, and they will do almost anything to win.† When I asked him what could be done to improve on this problem, â€Å" Well the only thing that I can think of to sort of contain this problem is random testing for athletes.† â€Å"There is now a cream out that players do not have to inject into their blood stream, they just have to rub it on their skin, and it won’t show up in a blood test.† He went on to state that â€Å"In Highschool it’s pretty easy to point out most of the kids using.† â€Å"You can mainly tell by their attitude, and their size for a highschool student.† Also, he stated that â€Å"steroids don’t really make you better, I mean they don’t really increase your speed or agility, they just increase your intensity level, and make you bigger as far as muscles go, but it’s not worth it when you think about the risk those people take with their bodies.† Former baseball all-star, Jose Canseco had a book published, call â€Å"Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big.† This book pointed the finger at several players accusing them of steroid abuse. Miguel Tejada was among the p... ...kle, that maybe we would have won a game or two, but never did I think about using steroids for the â€Å"extra edge† that I thought I needed. I just used other methods of cheating, like tripping players, or holding players, or when there was a fumble, I would get under the pile and kick, and punch, and twist limbs. I cheated legally and we still did not win many games. I can not say that none of my teammates thought about using, but I do not think so, and from a personal locker room relationship with them, I do not think any of them used steroids while I was on the team. We lost our games honestly, â€Å"well sort of.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steroids are â€Å"eating up† the sports world as we know it. Whether it is giving players who are already good, unfair advantages, or killing and or crippling steroid abusers for life. All major sports, from baseball to track and field are cracking down on the usage of steroids. There is not yet a way to completely stop it, but random testing, and psychological profiles can help contain the problem. Also the media should use discretion when reporting these problems on the news or in the newspapers, as they would when talking about other substances.

The Cask of Amontillado Essay example -- essays research papers

The Cask of Amontillado   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony and symbolism are tools used in writing to convey individual messages throughout the story. It is Edgar Allan Poe’s intense use of symbolism and irony throughout the Cask of Amontillado that gives this short story its suspense and horror filled theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cask of Amontillado is a horror short story, which revolves around the themes of revenge and pride. The plot involves two men: Montresor, the narrator, who is an Italian aristocrat seeking revenge against the second main character: Fortunato, a proud man that flaunts about his knowledge of wines and who finally walks into his own death. Irony is defined as words or actions that convey a reality different from appearance or expectation. The use of such device in the story gives it humor and wit. The continuous use of irony is detected through style, tone and the use of exaggeration from Montresor, the narrator. From the start we can blatantly see the irony in the story. The name Fortunato implies that this man is of good luck, when in actuality he was about to face the end of his life. The setting itself in which the story takes place also contains an ironic element. It is during Venice’s Carnival that the characters meet. Carnival is supposed to be a time of celebration and happiness for everybody. However, in the tale it is a time for revenge and death. The mood changes drastically when the two characters leave the carnival for the d...

The Tragedy of Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Essay -- Wide Sargasso Sea

The Tragedy of Wide Sargasso Sea  Ã‚   In Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea, whether Antoinette Cosway really goes mad in the end is debatable. Nevertheless, it is clear that her life is tragic. The tragedy comes from her numerous pursuits for love and a sense of belonging, and her failure at each and every one of these attempts. As a child Antoinette, is deprived of parental love. Her father is a drunkard and has many mistresses and illegitimate children. According to Daniel Cosway's account, old Cosway is cruel to his own son. Yet even if Daniel was not really a Cosway, and his descriptions were made out of spite, or if old Cosway had cared any more for his legitimate children than his bastard ones, his alcoholism is real, and thus he could not have been a loving father to Antoinette. Her mother, Annette, does not show much motherly affection to her either. Antoinette needs and wants her mother's love, but Annette is indifferent to her. Once, Antoinette sees her mother frown, and tries to smooth the frown out with her hand, But she pushed me away, not roughly but calmly, coldly, without a word, as if she had decided once and for all that I was useless to her. She wanted to sit with Pierre or walk where she pleased without being pestered, she wanted peace and quiet.†¦. 'Oh, let me alone,' she would say, 'let me alone' (13; part 1). One night, when Antoinette has had a nightmare, she awakens to see her mother at her bed. This makes her feel safe, but even then her mother has not come to show concern for her, but to look after Pierre, whom is frightened by her noise. When her needs for love and belonging are neglected by her parents, Antoinette seeks to fulfill them elsewhere. She seeks love from a newly foun... ...r her, if there has ever been any, is completely gone, andall that is left is destructive hatred: If I was bound for hell let it be hell. No more false heavens. No more damned music. You hate me and I hate you. We'll see who hates best. But first, first I will destroy your hatred. Now my hate is colder, stronger, and you'll have no hate to warm yourself. You will have nothing (110; part 2). He thus murders her last hope for love and safety, and brings her to England to be locked away in his attic. This is her second dislocation, this time not only removed from her own familiar world, but completely isolated from the entire world. Here her tragedy is complete, for her heart and soul are killed, and she is but a ghost, with "nothing left but hopelessness" (110; part 2). Work Cited Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. Ed. Angela Smith. London: Penguin, 1997.

Learning Team C’s Weekly Summary Essay

During week 4 there were a bunch of discussions about organizational culture and how it was beneficial as well as how it can be a liability. Organizational culture could benefit an organization in many of ways; one way that it would benefit an organization is that it would allow its employees to be able to voice their opinions. They will not have to feel as if they aren’t apart of the organization. A liability would be that an organization may become institutionalized. Another topic that was discussed during the week was organizational structure and power and politics. Organizational structure is very beneficial to how things get done within an organization. By making sure that everyone has and role and knows what that role is then the organization can run smoothly. This in turn has a huge effect on employee behavior. I think that organizational structure has a huge effect on the morale of the company as well as the way employees are treated and how they do their jobs. Let’s say for example that the entry level employees at a company are doing all the work. They then turn that work into the managers who in turn submit it to the executive board. The board then gives praise to the managers and never acknowledges the employees who really did all the work. This can cause low morale. Not only can this cause low morale but it also overlooks and treats its entry level employees poorly. A way to combat this would be organizational structure. When it is clear from the bottom up who does what in the company then those who do all the leg work get recognized for the hard work that they do. These employees no longer feel as if they are unimportant within the company and they do their jobs better and at the end of the day they are treated with the respect that they deserve and they perform better at the job. Organizational Culture is the collective behavior of people that are part of an organization and includes the meanings of their actions while being part of that organization. this includes the values, visions, norms, working language, systems, symbols, beliefs and habits. It has a large impact on behavior. It could either have a positive impact or negative impact dependent on how the leadership uses culture in a corporation. If the culture is applied equally to the differences of those in the company it could help those of different backgrounds work with positive experiences. If a leader applies a cultural style that they adopted from another company it could work one of two ways. It could be effective and actually cause workers to work more effectively and with positive attitudes or it could bring down the overall morale of the company in how they work together and how they can cooperate with the leadership styles. Overall behavior is dependent on the effectiveness of the application of culture in the workplace. Power and Politics are necessary influences in most organizations today. Power is not a necessary evil and is most often contained within the position of authority. Politics is a little harder to describe. People often see it when an individual is attempting to influence a decision or position within an organization without a formal role or authority. In this paper I will analyze an organizational management and leadership practices that impact organizations. I will also provide a couple real-world examples of the relationships between power and politics and how this relates to management and leadership practices. This week in chapter 13 we learned about the influence of power and politics on behavior in the work place. Power is the capacity to influence behavior in accordance to ones wishes. To have the capacity to control human life you must control what they desire and ofcourse we know what that is, money. It’s the best control method there is. If you don’t listen you and your family will be starving on the street and you will lose your job. Seems like a pretty good control method to me. So basically chapter 13 confirms that money is power. Next it goes over the bases of power for example Formal Power is based on ones position in the actual organization. Coercive Power which is the power destroy threaten inflict pain and ruin peoples lives if the don’t listen to you, it’s a great form of power, probably the best. Reward Power which is the exact opposite Coercive Power because it is actually positive and rewards the employee instead of treating them as if they were a wage slave, it’s seldom used in our economy anymore but granted it’s still out there. Legitimate Power is in my best description just â€Å"raw† power. And Expert Power man if your an expert and you got those special wizard skills your a real expert you have some expert power. So which bases of power are the most effective? Hell well it depends on the group of humans you have available to reign over and control, it’s all about personality. And that is why we like to tap into their minds and find out what makes them tick, what’s important to them so we can use it as leverage etc. In the end it was a very good lesson and chap ter about power and exerting it. Chapter 15 discusses the foundations of organization structure. Organizational structure is how jobs are formally divided or grouped. There are six elements that compose the organizational structure, work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, centralization and formalization. The three common organizational designs are simple structure, which use a low degree of departmentalization, bureaucracy and matrix structure. A bureaucracy shows distinct characteristics such has routine operating task, formalized rules, tasks are broken-up and grouped by specific departments, centralized command and little control. Unlike the bureaucracy, the matrix structure uses two forms of departmentalization, the functional and the product. They use a dual chain of command and at times this type of command can lead to power struggles. Now-a-days new design options are available and decrease the amount of management that is found in the bureaucracy and the matrix structure. The virtual organization outsources many of the functions therefore one would find more centralization and less departmentalization. The boundaryless organizations want less chain of command and more team decision making. Organizational structures are classified as mechanistic, formalized and departmentalized, or organic, not very formally with high participation in decision making. Employee behavior can be impacted by the way that the organization is structure. For example, while work specialization can result in high productivities it does not necessarily have a high impact on an employee’s satisfaction. During week four chapter 16 was reviewed as well covering several key terms including organizational culture(s), subcultures, core values, organizational climate, institutionalization, socialization, rituals, material symbols, and workplace spirituality. However, as educational as chapter 16 was it did not provide any information that was difficult to understand. Furthermore, organizational culture was the term that made the most sense as it describes the way employees view an organization. This descriptive term is what sets one organization apart from the rest from an employee point of view. As a small business owner I need to be aware of how individuals view the quality of my work, and professionalism of my business. This will help me gain the attractiveness I may one day need if the time comes to hire employees.

Public Display of Affection

Nursing Care Plan Student Name/Date: __Nicole Reinke/ Week 5_____________ | Nursing Diagnosis |Expected Outcomes |Nursing Interventions/Rationale |Outcome Evaluation | |(Dx, related to, & as evidenced by) |(Short term (8-48 hr. ) reasonable expectations |List all interventions for each nsg. dx (include patient/family |(Patient outcome noted as met or unmet/responses | | |stated in measurable, behavioral terms, i. . , |teaching) |described) | | |action verbs) | | | |Risk for injury r/t seizures amb gait and balance |Client will remain free from falls while in the |Nurse will make sure that the call light is always in reach so |This outcome of remaining fall free was met while | |disorders. hospital. |that the client does not have to be concerned about not knowing |I was at the hospital. Everytime I went into the | | | |where the call light is when needing help. |room I made sure the call light was on her table | | | |Nure will place a â€Å"High Risk for Falls† sign above client’s bed so|and the walker was next to the bed.Client also | | | |that any person that comes into the room to help assist is aware |reported no falls. | | | |of the safety measures that need to be taken. | | | |Nurse will determine risk for falls using the evaluation tool | | | | |which includes client history of atrial fibrillation. | | | | | | | | |Nurse will place the walker near the bed to remind client to use | | | | |walker when getting up to go to the bathroom. | | | | |Nurse will explain how to use the walker, by moving walker first | | | | |and then move body to make sure client knows how to use the | | | | |walker. | | | |Nurse will also teach the client the importance of using the | | | | |walker when walking through the halls in order to prevent future |This outcome of using the walker was partially | | |Client will use a walker while in the hospital to|falls, this will also help promote activity and will give the |met. When reminded the clien t would use the | | |get to the bathroom in order to maintain safety. client something else to do instead of laying in bed all day. |walker but admitted not using it all the time. | | | | |After teaching her the importance of using the | | | | |walker and what could happen if she fell she said | | | | |she would try to make it a habit. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Nursing Diagnosis |Expected Outcomes |Nursing Interventions/Rationale |Outcome Evaluation | |(Dx, related to, & as evidenced by) |(Short term (8-48 hr. ) reasonable expectations |List all interventions for each nsg. dx (include patient/family|(Patient outcome noted as met or unmet/responses | | |stated in measurable, behavioral terms, i. e. |teaching) |described) | | |action verbs) | | | | |3. Client will be educated on how to reduce | Nurse will assess for additonal factors leading to risk for |This outcome was not fully met. I asked about | | |risk of falls at home. |falls because sometimes medications can increase risk for |her house and the hazards that were there for | | | |falls. |falls but I wasn’t able to talk about using | | | |2.Nurse will teach the client the benefit of using nonskid |nonskid rugs or bathroom devices. But she | | | |rugs and safety devices in the bathroom. This is important to |understands the importance and will ask her | | | |teach so that the client can recognize clutter and slippery |daughter and physican when she is discharged. | | | |floors. | | | |3. Nurse will instruct client and daughter how to correct | | | | |identified hazards to make sure everything that could cause a | | | | |fall is prevented. | |

Comparing and Contrasting Economic Ideas Essay

Introduction – As individual leaders in modern economic thinking and attitude, economists Milton Friedman and John Maynard Keynes was hailed and criticized by many different individuals and institutions because of their contribution to global economy attitudes as well as because of the sometimes very radical ways that the two required of economic leaders to resort to so that they can follow the economic model that either Friedman and Keynes designed. Both are right and wrong when it comes to understanding economy and providing a solution which can be used to unlock the mysteries of the changing economic dilemma that the world experiences which requires the input of economists. And during their time, Friedman and Keynes enjoyed the god-like loft from which they stood, one at a time, when the world was bowing to the economic thoughts that they made. Similarities: Friedman and Keynes economic thoughts meet in the middle – While Friedman’s and Keynes’ thoughts and focus on economics have inherent differences, some observers believe that the two economic ideas espoused by Friedman and Keynes also have some similarities. For one, the two economists and their ideas are in agreement when it comes to the stable growth rate of money supply and its role in fluctuation and employment[1]. Also, the two were inherently economist in inclination – they stand on similar grounds even if it means digging and building that ground using different shovels and different strokes. Second, the economic ideas of the two individuals share the similar characterisitcs of being popular and widely used and regarded before the ensuing change in political landscape made the idea of obsolete and useless; for Keynes and his economic idea about the role of the state in economic leadership, the flowering of his idea came after the world, particularly the US, felt the squeeze to the economy after the two world wars and the occurrence of the Great Depression, his idea ultimately subsiding by the time the world came closer and closer to the 80s. For Friedman, his economic idea got its turn after it proved having the solution to the problem the Keynes model cannot answer, and after enjoying his moment in the spotlight for some years, the global crisis that engulfed the world pushed Friedman’s ideas closer and closer to the trash bin. Friedman and Keynes and their ideas share the similar pace when it comes to public acceptance, as well as the same characteristic that their ideas each are pets of US presidents; former US president Richard Nixon was a Keynesian while another former US president, Ronal Reagan implemented a Friedman approach in economics[2]. Another similarity in the economic idea of Friedman and Keynes is that their ideas allowed for the identification of an entity or institution or idea that was the reason for the failure of the economy. Take for example the Great Depression, for those adhering to the Keynesian belief in economics, they are inclined to believe that there is someone or something at fault why such occurrence happened, and that is the idea of free market. Friedman thinking will also lead the individual towards the same belief of having someone or something at fault, and that is the Federal Reserve, so far as Friedman economic thinking is concerned. Another similarity shared by Keynes and Friedman and their attack and pattern in developing economic thought and assuring the audience needed for the establishment of the popularity and acceptance of their particular economic thought is the manner by which their economic thoughts and ideas were built and spread around those who will either criticize or embrace it. Wood (1991) explained, â€Å"The most surprising aspect of Friedman’s achievements is that he has not to a greater extent earned the gratitude of the profession. To a large degree this is due to the sharply critical form in which he has presented his ideas.†[3] In his attacks on the positions of other he has at times tended to depart from the more careful and guarded way in which he typically presents his own results. This has assured him of a wide audience, because it is often easier to attract adherents to a revolution in thinking – even a counter-revolution – than to a less dramatic evolution of a hypothesis. This is a characteristic which Friedman shares with Keynes and explains why both have been at the same time highly controversial and highly successful in the development of economic thought. Economists in a head-on collision – Despite the similarities found in Friedman and Keynes and their thoughts and the pacing and social acceptance lifespan of their ideas, Friedman and Keynes and their ideas in economies are more accepted, criticized and reviewed because of how the two ideas find contrasting points against the other. They and their ideas have significant differences that they are described sometimes as the great polarizers of the economy and the economic belief and attitude. For Friedman, Keynes was incorrect about the idea of the state and its active role in dictating the economy. For Friedman, the more suitable solution is for the state to know that its role in the economy is focused on ensuring the growth of money supply. Friedman stressed the importance of monetary policy versus the idea of Keynes and the role of state spending. Friedman also challenged the manner by which Keynes explained the behavior of the consumer especially during the cases of inflation and the ensuing unemployment[4]. The Keynes-Friedman Showdown – While it is understandable how there will be purely separate groups that support the thoughts of Keynes and the economic thinking of Friedman, there are instances that the two modern day economic thinkers figure in colossal showdowns (which is not of their doing, of course, but the doing of other people and institutions particularly award giving bodies that set out to identify who is the best between the two). An example of these instances is the during the time globally popular and highly respected weekly glossy magazine TIME undertook the task of naming the recipient of the Economist of the Century honor to wrap up the end of the twentieth century[5]. Skousen (2001) wrote about how the members of the selecting group were torn between Friedman and Keynes, and how Friedman ultimately bested Keynes despite the fact that some TIME magazine staff, including editor in chief Norman Pearlstine, believed that the award should go to Keynes. Pearlstine believed that the manner by which Keynes articulated the importance of free markets as well as the significance of the undue government intervention that will resort to the creation of danger in the economic landscape[6] is an important modern day economic idea that will benefit not just one country but the world, especially now that the world is experiencing global trade and economics. Cambridge University in 1970, during the time Friedman faced a highly partisan, pro Keynes crowd who rooted for their favorite Nicholas Kaldor which Friedman soundly defeated during the debate[7]. Some would say that the surprising Friedman win in that particular debate (which silenced the murmuring crowd of infidels) was due largely because of the absence of Keynes himself, but it may also point to the fact that Friedman and his economic ideals holds true in some aspects. Conclusion – Many scholars, critics, new economists, political analysts and historians until now continually debate about the similarities and differences of Keynes and Friedman and their economic ideas. More importantly, they debated about how each economist and each idea they gave to the world helped in shaping world economy as it is today. Some say that Milton was unlike Friedman, while some think they are the same. Some believe that Friedman was better than Keynes, while others feel otherwise. Others go to the extreme, considering that the two lived in an interconnected life, that one completes the other, as DeLong believes that Friedman was not a competitor to Keynes, but more of the man that completed Keynes[8]. The issues and points arising in the debate focused on the person and their ideas bring about immense complexity that the end is always hard to see, predict and achieve. But for the differences of Friedman and Keynes, it is no doubt that both economist contributed immensely in the field of economics, and because of that, they were showered not just with official honors but with very flattering commentaries by critics and observers. Mark Blaug was quoted by Skousen in his book as attributing to Friedman and his great ability for debating and fighting for his position in economic ideologies[9] that resulted to his earning the respect of even his most critical and previously unimpressed adversaries. Skousen (2001) believes that Friedman is the most famous economist alive, but he was quick to counter his proposition by reminding the readers that Friedman was not a giant at first in the circle of economic thinkers, owing largely to the fact that Friedman and his economic ideas (i.e. his monetarism beliefs) were heavily criticized early in his career as an economic thinker. [10]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Truly, both Keynes and Friedman created such economic ideals that went to the extent that it became antagonistic with each other. But professionals knew that underneath it all, the more important thing to consider is the fact that the differences and similarities found in Keynes’ and Friedman’s works gave the world what it can used to manage changing economic difficulties. Works Cited: DeLong, J Bradford. â€Å"Friedman Completed Keynes.† Project Syndicate. 2006. 23 May 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . Macesich, George. â€Å"World Economy at the Crossroads.† Greenwood Publishing Group,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporated, November 1997. Skousen, Mark. â€Å"The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinkers.† Sharpe, Me., Inc., March 2001. Wood, John Cunningham. â€Å"Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments† Vol. 14. Taylor &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis, Inc., August 1990. [1] Macesich, George. â€Å"World Economy at the Crossroads.† Greenwood Publishing Group,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporated, November 1997. p. 12. [2] Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . [3] Wood, John Cunningham. â€Å"Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments† Vol. 14. Taylor &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis, Inc., August 1990. p. 465. [4] Heuser, Uwe Jean. â€Å"The Underrated Power of Economists.† Indymedia.org.uk. 28 June 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23 May 2008 . [5] Skousen, Mark. â€Å"The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thinkers.† Sharpe, Me., Inc., March 2001. pg 379. [6] Ibid. [7] Skousen. pg 380. [8] DeLong, J Bradford. â€Å"Friedman Completed Keynes.† Project Syndicate. 2006. 23 May 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . [9] Skousen, p. 380 [10] Ibid.

Youth Unemployment and Attitude towards Employment: Comparative Study between Migrants and Non-Migrants

Introduction and Background to the Research Area The United Kingdom’s youth unemployment refers to the rate of unemployment among those individuals who are aged between 18 and 25. These figures are often used as part of political discussions to measure the general position of the economy, however it is contended in this research paper that there is a lack of understanding in terms of the factors that lead to youth unemployment in the first place. By targeting the background reasons, greater improvements can be achieved. The latest statistics or the rate of unemployment among youths in London shows that there are several individuals under 25 years of age who are not employed, which currently stands at 20% (Glaser and Rice, 2008). In this research paper it is suggested that there are substantial difference between migrants and non migrants within an area and that this could in fact offer a strong explanation as to why youth unemployment is so prevalent in modern society. Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another specifically in search of some economic or social benefit. Migrants refer to the people who move from one place to another in search of better opportunities, while non-migrants are the local people. Politically there have been several heated debates on the topic of employment among migrant youths and non-migrant youths, which has necessitated this study to establish the attitude of both sets of groups towards employment. For example in Hackney, London, the number of employed migrant youths is higher, compared to that of non-migrants. However, the percentage of the migrant youths who are employed is higher than that of non-migrants. This suggests that non-migrants have a higher positive attitude towards employment than non-migrants The high rate of unemployment among young people in the country and London, in particular, has forced some media personalities and politicians to term it the â€Å"lost generation† (Hackney, 2013) This paper aims to look at the attitude of youths towards employment by comparing the migrants and non-migrants in Hackney, London. It is believed that the attitudes of these young individuals might be the major reason why there are high levels of unemployment among young people in this region and more generally elsewhere. Aims & Objectives of the Research The rate of unemployment among the youth population has been a problem that has raised several debates among politicians and media commentators. However, it has been argued that the attitudes of the youth in Hackney, London, have been the major reason behind the increasing rate. The main objective of this paper is to examine the reasoning or the suggestion that it is the attitudes of these young people towards employment that makes them miss the opportunities to land some. The research aims to achieve its overall objective by seeking the views of the youths in Hackney, London, towards employment. Purpose of the Research The outcome of the research will be based on the findings from the data collected through interviews, which will later be analysed. The outcome will depend on the method of data collection, which will involve interviews conducted with the youth in the area, in order to test the hypothesis. It is anticipated that the results of this study will help the community in understanding what its young people want, in terms of employment, in order to support them in their growth and career development. In addition, the result will also offer guidance to employers when allocating the available opportunities to either migrants or non-migrants. Importance of the Research This research is important in the field of both academic studies and career development, as its results will enable the students, their parents and teachers to understand how best to equip these youngsters by focusing the latter’s attention on their future employment opportunities. It will also help potential employers in selecting the right people for various positions in their companies or organisations. Research Approach It is suggested that the best method for collecting data in this qualitative study is through the use of interviews. The aim of the interview will be to have the respondents reflect on their feelings towards employment and past experiences, while also attempting to communicate freely with the interviewers in such a manner that both interviewer and interviewee come to a mutual agreement concerning the experiences’ meanings. The format of the interview could involve informal chats or discussions between the researcher and the respondents regarding their responses (Salter, 2010). If the respondents want to give further information or expand upon anything they have said, the interviewer will then ask additional questions and encourage the respondents to give further information or explanations. The interviewer will have to clarify that it will be an open process and that the interviewee is free to question or ask for more detailed explanations, talk in a manner with which they are comfortable, or even pause, if they wish to do so. The responses should not be evaluated as being right or wrong by the researcher. The researcher should make it clear to the respondents that they are free to make any comments or give any information that they wish. The focus of the interview will be on the participants and attempting to ascertain their attitudes, values, opinions, experiences and beliefs. Methodology This research will take the form of structured interviews, which will be used as the method of data collection. The standardised interview or structured interview is typically used in quantitative research. The sample of the study will include 300 migrant youths into the country and 300 non-migrant youths. The migrant and non-migrant youths will be interviewed in order to establish their attitudes towards employment, in an attempt to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that non-migrants have a negative attitude towards employment. The reason for interviewing the two sets of individuals is to find out whether the problem is confined to the migrant youth population, or both migrant and non-migrants. The structured interviews will take the form of questionnaires, which will be given to the interviewee by the interviewer who, in this case, is the researcher. The questions that will be used in the study will be literature informed. This means that the results will have been compiled and the questions will have a range of options. The formulation of the questions in the survey will be done by considering the existing literature. In addition, interviews will be used as the survey questions will actually be literature informed. The reliability and validity of the research will be measured by using the semi-structured interviews. Another significance or importance of the use of interviews is that they should help in obtaining additional information that may have been ignored by the current literature review. Ethical Considerations The safety and confidentiality of the respondents will be the major priority of this research. This will be undertaken by considering the benefit/analysis ration, and also through the use of information that is available to conduct the assessment and supervision of the study as it continues. The participants will be handled with the utmost care and they will be assured of the highest levels of confidentiality. Before any participant is involved in the research, their formal consent will be sought, in writing. The researchers will need to take care not to divulge any sensitive information that might have been provided by the respondents for their own safety. If there are any unpredicted findings in the study, as it progresses, the participants will be informed accordingly. The participants will be reassured that, in giving information, they will not be obliged to reveal any information which they chose not to do so. Suggested Existing Literature Several existing texts will be used as part of a detailed literature review to gain a background understanding of the issues facing the region and the general trends associated with unemployment. The following indicative initial bibliography is suggested as a starting point for the research project. Blaikie, N. (2003). Analyzing quantitative data: From description to explanation. London: Sage. Ford, M R 2009, The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future, Acculant Publishing. Glaser, D, and Rice, K 2008, â€Å"Crime, Age and Employment.† American Sociological Review 24, no. 5: 679–686. Greenberg, DF 2009, â€Å"The Dynamics of Oscillatory Punishment Processes.† Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 68, no. 4: 643–651. Hackney 2013 â€Å"Hackney Facts and Figures Leaflet† Available at: http://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/facts-and-figures.pdf Hochstetler, A, and Shover, N 2010, â€Å"Street Crime, Labor Surplus, and Criminal Punishment,† 1980–1990.† Social Problems 44, no. 3: 358–367. International Labour Office. 2009, Bibliography of unemployment : covering the period 1920-1929, Geneve. Isabel, T 2008, Bibliography of Unemployment and the Unemployed, Burt Franklin Publisher. Moss, P, and Tilly, C 2009, Hiring in Urban Labor Markets: Shifting Labor Demands, Persistent Racial Differences. New York: Plenum. Rifkin, Jeremy 2008, The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era, New York: Tarcher–G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Rusche, G, and Kirchheimer, O 2007, Punishment and Social Structure. New York: Columbia University Press. Reprint, New York: Russell and Russell. Salter, H. 2010. Interview secrets. London: Collins.

Money cannot buy happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Money cannot buy happiness - Essay Example But, this is paradoxical as money can’t really buy happiness. It is written in many spiritual texts that money can only buy the source but not true content of happiness. For example, money can buy a house but not a home filled with love and affection; it can buy a bed but not sleep; it can buy companions but not friends. Money is required for satisfaction of material wants, and there is no end to human wants. In the race of achieving more and more material needs, man tends to forget to be happy. Man is a social animal and cannot live in isolation. Rich men attract people, but hardly have any friends; or, tend to lose friends in due course because their focus is towards making more money rather than to give time to their beloved ones and value their affection (Jet, 15). As a result, men having money become lonely with no people to care for by the end. Such life is certainly not a happy one. Happiness lies in being cared for and caring for others. Money cannot prevent one from losing his/her life; only love and affection can be cherished even after the loss. Jet Magazine quotes that the psychologist, Dr. Lewis-Jack believes that real happiness is ‘peace of mind, good health and being content with yourself and where you are at this point in your life; having goals and a willingness to work toward achieving those goals’ (p.18). This is very true because chasing after money will affect one’s health in the due course of time, which will necessitate treatment and care. For this, the person will have to rush to health care where he will receive care upon paying money; but, this care will not be original and true to his/her internal satisfaction. Secondly, chasing after money causes mental and emotional stress; this will manifest in the form of quarrels, misunderstandings, depression, anxiety and fear. Greed for money will also

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Journal opinion article - Essay Example Knowing about the local and international companies and looking into the way these companies operate in terms of production, wages and information about dividends is the main economic issue that is of great interest to readers of the articles from this journal. Readers use the Wall street journal to compare companies in terms of their performance and reliability. Through the journals, readers are able to know which places to apply for employment considering their qualifications. What is more interesting is that the Wall street Journal while covering a story about a certain firm, gives sufficient information about a company for willing customers to have easy access to the companies’ premise or goods and services. The numerous information about different companies also enable readers to identify how competitive the market is. This information is particularly important to people who have interest in starting their own businesses since this help them to know up to what extend to invest in the business they wish to start. The Information that this journal communicate about business companies also help people who wish to start different businesses to know the expectation of the customers. Different buyers have different needs and therefore, it is important for manufacturers to come up with goods that satisfies the needs of the buyers. The information that readers get from this journal about different companies is very helpful in showing which industries form the largest market share in the production firm. This information is particularly necessary to investors who wish to invest in different companies. People invest to have shares in the various firms whereby they get high dividends in return (Melissa 64). The information about the different companies is also helpful to buyers because through the information that people read about the different companies, they will be able to decide on the one that they feel matches or meet their

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Motivation of employees is another aspect of HR which the HR manager needs to ensure in order to keep them happy and working. There are various ways of motivation. The organisation can reward their performing employees or give them a promotion. Or even a simple gesture of communication is very helpful in making them motivated towards their job. The employees need to feel that the organisation values and respects them. This in turn will make the employees motivated and dedicated towards their company. ANSWER 3 Training and development forms an important aspect for an employee. When an employee joins the organisation, he is she needs to undergo an initial round of training in order to understand the job role and responsibilities. Thereafter during their work life they have to undergo several training modules to further improvise on their job skills. When an employee realises that their organisation is spending a lot for them in order to develop their skills at workplace, it gives them a sense of importance in the company. They feel that the organisation considers them important and need their support in order to grow. The moment this feeling arises within an employee, he or she will automatically try to give more to the organisation. This feeling of belongingness cannot just come by all of a sudden. The realisation has to be made by the company to their employees. Normally catering to employees problems or ensuring his or her well being can really motivate the employees but this is just a small apart. On a bigger scenario, training and development of the employee is a major factor in boosting their morale. In order to understand the question at hand, we must create a corporate scenario where a training... It is a very important part of human resource as it is concerned with bringing in manpower into the company. It also helps in the growth and development of the organisation. One of the important aspect is training and development. Once a person joins an organisation, he or she needs to undergo an initial training period which helps him or her to understand the job role and the responsibilities. Generally when an employee joins, he or she under goes an induction period where in he or she is made acquainted with the work environment, the organisation culture, etc. the next phase is the training period. the training can be on the job or off the job. The main idea behind collective bargaining is to settle a dispute between an employee and the management in the best possible way without any kind of biasness. Collective bargaining and unionization have two main benefits. The moment this feeling arises within an employee, he or she will automatically try to give more to the organisation. This feeling of belongingness cannot just come by all of a sudden. The realisation has to be made by the company to their employees. Normally catering to employees problems or ensuring his or her well being can really motivate the employees but this is just a small apart. On a bigger scenario, training and development of the employee is a major factor in boosting their morale. Collective bargaining and unionization has been used in many cases across the world. The management and the labourer’s representatives sit and discuss their issues and try to come to common agreement where both of them are happy and satisfied.